I am currently researching on destructive leadership, and fascinated by the processes (pathological or otherwise) that lead to the demise of all kinds of organizations as a result. One of the readings by Tourish and Pinnington (2002) suggests that destructive leadership involves 'cultic dynamics', that is destructive leadership have leaders who operate like cult leaders. Here are the four characteristics that they identified in their research:
1. Charismatic, narcissistic leaders with a strong need for power who, because of their over-sensitivity to criticism, always eliminate dissent. No wonder what's left is merely a bunch of yes people with insular group mentality.
2. A totalistic (all-embracing) vision of a way of being or a new paradigm that is very compelling which necessitates an absolute conviction on the part of followers. This sacred vision is sold in such a way that those who disagree are eliminated, which involves a process called "consensual validation", that is "the spectacle of many agreeing to a position irrationally convinces each person that it must be accurate" (Tourish & Vatcha, 2005:463).
3. Recruitment, conversion, and indoctrination of members which involves intense emotional considerations that the leader shows toward the potential recruits to buy into the belief system (akin to a process called 'love bombing'), fundamental changes of knowledge and beliefs, values and standards, needs and everyday behaviors, and continual one-way transmission of intense messages from leaders to followers to instill a total devotion to the group ideal.
4. A strong, monolithic culture that becomes a social control for its members so much so that those who do not fit will be 'ejected like a virus'
Tourish's works provide an in-depth case study of Enron and its dramatic fall from grace, which happens to be the greatest scandal in the business history. But the above four pointers can be applied in all types of organizations, including church and denomination.
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